Fig. 5. Effects of EUE on LPS-induced phosphorylation of JNK (A), ERK 1/2 (B), p38 MAPKs (C), PI3K/Akt (D), and GSK-3α/β (E) in BV-2 microglial cells. Cells were pretreated with the indicated concentrations of EUE for 30 min and then stimulated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 1 h. The expression levels of JNK, ERK 1/2, p38 MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, and GSK-3α/β were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Densitometric results are presented as means ± S.E.M. (n=3). ***p<0.001 compared with the control group. #p<0.05; ##p<0.01; and ###p<0.001 compared with the LPS-treated group.
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