Fig. 3. Effects of EUE on LPS-mediated production of TNF-α (A and C) and IL-1β (B and D) in BV- 2 microglial cells. Cells were pretreated with the indicated concentrations of EUE for 30 min and then stimulated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 6 h. The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and β-actin were evaluated by RT-PCR. Results are presented as means ± S.E.M. (n=3). Cells were pretreated with the indicated concentrations of EUE for 30 min and then stimulated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 24 h. The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in the culture medium were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Data are presented as means ± S.E.M. (n=6). ***p<0.001 compared with the control group. ##p<0.01 and ###p<0.001 compared with the LPS-treated group.
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