Fig. 2. Host Immune Response Induced by Decellularized Matrix Transplantation. Upon transplantation, the decellularized matrix triggers a dynamic host immune response. Initially, plasma proteins selectively adsorb to the matrix surface, with albumin preferentially binding to hydrophilic regions and fibrinogen (Fg) to hydrophobic areas. Subsequently, immune cell populations are recruited and interact within the evolving inflammatory microenvironment. In response to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), neutrophils are the first to infiltrate the transplantation site, secreting factors that polarize macrophages towards an M1 phenotype. As the inflammatory milieu progresses, macrophages transition to an M2 phenotype, eliciting a Th2 immune response. Ultimately, the decellularized matrix either integrates with the host tissue or undergoes a foreign body reaction, determining the graft outcome. Ig, immunoglobulin.
© Biomolecules & Therapeutics
