Fig. 5. Enhancement of immune activity in myeloid-derived suppressive cells by PPTEE-glucan. Differentiated MDSCs were stimulated with QS-21 or PPTEE for 24 h, respectively. The percentage of Ly6C-positive cells (A) and the Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) of F4/80 in CD11b+Ly6C+ cells (B) were analyzed using flow cytometry. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β (C), TNF-α (D), and IL-12p40 (E), in the supernatant from MDSCs cultured with each adjuvant were measured using ELISA. Statistical analysis was conducted using a one-way ANOVA, with significance: non-significant (ns) when p≥0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001.
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