Table. 1.

Table 1 Inhibition of different cancer types via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and the underlying mechanisms

Cancer types	AMPK activation compounds	Mechanisms	References
Breast cancer	Honokiol	Inhibits the invasiveness and migration of breast cancer via the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/pS6K axis in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells	Nagalingam et al., 2012
Breast cancer	Demethoxycurcumin and nordihydroguaiaretic acid	Inhibit the AMPK/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and Bcap37 cells	Zhang et al., 2012; Shieh et al., 2013
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)	Antroquinonol	Inhibits mTOR translational pathway leading to the G1 arrest of cell cycle and subsequent cell apoptosis via the AMPK/mTOR/p70-S6 kinase and 4EBP1 pathways in HepG2 cells	Chiang et al., 2010
Esophageal Cancer	Cordycepin	Increases chemosensitivity to cisplatin by activating AMPK and inhibiting the AKT signaling pathway in HK, K180, K70, and ECA109 cells	Gao et al., 2020
Colon cancer	Curcumin	Inhibits tumor growth via the AMPK/pAKT/cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) pathway in HT-29 cells	Lee et al., 2009
Colon cancer	Magnolol and quercetin	Induce apoptosis via the AMPK/p53/Bax pathway in HCT-116 and HT-29 cells	Kim et al., 2010; Park et al., 2012
Colon cancer	Widdrol	Induces apoptosis via the activation of caspase-3/7 and caspase-9 through AMPK activation in HT-29 cells	Kang et al., 2012
Ovarian cancer	GANT61	Elevates chemosensitivity to cisplatin by regulating the AMPK pathway in Caov-3 and SKOV-3 cells	Zhu et al., 2022
Ovarian and colon cancers	Curcumin	Induces cell death via the AMPK/p53 pathway in CaOV3 cells and HT-29 cells	Song et al., 2005; Pan et al., 2008
Lung cancer	Metformin-salicylate	Phosphorylates ACC and inhibits de novo lipogenesis via AMPK activation in A549 and H1299 cells	O'Brien et al., 2015
Hepatoma and colon cancer	Cryptotanshinone	Induces autophagic cell death via the AMPK/mTOR axis in HepG2 and HCT116 cells	Park et al., 2014
Breast cancer	Ginsenoside-Rg2	Induces the ROS-AMPK signaling pathway and inhibits extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and AKT activation-mediated cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells	Jeon et al., 2021
Melanoma	Berberine	Inhibits metastasis via the AMPK/ERK/COX2 pathway in B16F10 murine melanoma and A375 human melanoma cells	Kim et al., 2012
Melanoma	Ginsenoside 20-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-20(S)-Protopanaxadiol	Induces autophagic cell death via AMPK/Janus kinase (JNK) pathway activation in SK-MEL-28 cells	Kang et al., 2014
Leukemia	Tanshinone IIA	Induces autophagic cell death via AMPK/mTOR/p70-S6 kinase in KBM-5 cells	Yun et al., 2014
Breast cancer, melanoma, and colon cancer	Metformin	Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated programmed cell death ligand-1 (PDL1) glycosylation and degradation by metformin-activated AMPK in 4T1, B16F10, and CT26 cells	Cha et al., 2018
Renal cancer	Hispidulin	Sensitizes cancer cells to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis via the AMPK/USP51 axis in CC-2559 cells	Woo et al., 2019
Prostate cancer	BI-9774, MT 63-78	Inhibits lipogenesis via AMPK activation in C4–2, C4–2b, LNCaP cells	Zadra et al., 2014; Penfold et al., 2023
Prostate cancer	Metformin-salicylate	Suppresses the ACC-DNL, mTOR-p70s6k/4EBP1, and HIF1α pathways	Tsakiridis et al., 2021
Thyroid cancer	AICAR	Inhibits C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) secretion and suppresses CXCL8-induced neoplastic cell migration	Awwad et al., 2018

Biomolecules & Therapeutics 2024;32:171~182 https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2023.222

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