Fig. 1. Rosmarinic acid (RA) increases the mRNA and protein expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Cells were treated with RA for 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h at 2.5 μM or 1.25, 2.5, and 5 μM for 24 h respectively. (A, B) mRNA expression of GCLC and GSS was analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). (C, D) Protein expression levels of GCLC and GSS were assessed by western blot.
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