Fig. 1. Expression levels of NRF2 and NQO-1 are regulated by AQP3. (A, B) Representative western blotting using anti-NRF2 and anti-NQO-1 antibodies in the primary cultured adult epidermal keratinocytes, with or without AQP3 knockdown (A) or AQP3 overexpression. AQP3 overexpression (B). (C) Representative western blotting using anti-AQP3 antibodies in the primary cultured adult epidermal keratinocytes, with or without NRF2 knockdown. For the western blot analysis, β-actin was used as an internal control. The data represent the means ± SD from four independent experiments. *p<0.05, **p<0.01. Con (-): control RNA knockdown, AQP3 (-): AQP3 RNA knockdown. (D-E) Representative immunofluorescence staining using anti-NRF2 (D) or anti-NQO-1 antibody (E) in cultured keratinocytes, with or without AQP3 knockdown. (F-G) Representative immunofluorescence staining using anti-NQO1 (F) or anti-HO antibody (G) in the lesional (L) and non-lesional (N) epidermis of four vitiligo patients with AQP3 downregulation. For the immunofluorescence staining, the nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33258 (Bar=0.05 mm), and the intensities were measured using ImageJ software. *p<0.05, **p<0.01.
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