Fig. 1. Three alternative cell-cycle modes associated with polyploidy. Most polyploidization occurs during abnormal cell-cycle processes. To date, three different mechanisms have been proposed for cell-cycle-mediated polyploidization. Endoreplication is a cell cycle in which DNA is replicated in two successive S phases without continuing to the M phase, resulting in the formation of a mononucleated polyploid cell. Mitotic slippage is linked to the perturbed metaphase-anaphase transition. Cytokinesis is the final step in mitosis which divides the cytoplasm of mother cell into two daughter cells.
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