Fig. 4. Functional changes of mitochondria in etoposide-treated astrocytes. Astrocytes were treated with DMSO (vehicle) or 10 μM etoposide for 24 h. (A) Cultured astrocytes were detected for mitochondrial membrane potential by fluorescence staining of TMRM. Representative images were visualized by the IncuCyte ZOOM microscope software 2015A (Essen Bioscience) under the 20× object. The data were calculated by IncuCyte software (Essen Bioscience). (B) The representative graph indicates the total TMRM object integrated intensity (RCU × μm2/image). (C) The graph shows the total TMRM object area (μm2/image) in astrocytes. Bars represent the mean ± SEM. ** indicates p<0.01, and *** indicates p<0.001 vs. vehicle group. (D) The mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of astrocytes was measured using Cell Mito Test Kit (Agilent Technology) and Agilent Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer (Agilent Technology). The representative graph was obtained using Wave Desktop 2.6 software (Agilent Technology). (E) and (F) graphs show the basal level, spare respiratory capacity, proton leak, and ATP production level.
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